Tumor Suppressor

Your source for information on Tumor Suppressor Genes and Proteins.

Tumor Suppressor Genes and Proteins

INK4a ARF locus

- the INK4a locus encodes for two proteins, p16 and p14ARF (alternative reading frame)
- mutations within the INK4a locus have been found in familial melanomas (20%)

p16

- p16 is a protein that blocks the action of cyclin-dependent kinase D which
complexes with cyclin D to phosphorylate the retinoblastoma protein to allow
for the cell to cycle
- inactivation of p16 occurs through mutations and epigenetic changes
- mutations of the p16INK4a have been found in many tumors, including pancreatic tumors,
head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
- in cervical cancer, p16 is inactivated through CpG island hypermethylation

p14ARF

- p14ARF is a negative regulator of MDM2
- MDM2 negatively inhibits p53
- loss of p14ARF allows MDM2 to constantly target p53 for degradation, thereby
allowing the cell to cycle autonomously, without arrest and without repair
of DNA damage

TGF-beta Pathway

- commonly mutated in colon cancers and gastric cancers

SMAD4

- SMAD4 gene codes for a protein that is involved within the TGF-beta pathway
- SMAD4 is mutated in most cancers of the pancreas

VHL

- von Hippel Lindau gene

PTEN

- phosphatase and tensin homologue

 

Molecular Biology Links:

Apoptosis

Antibody Services

Biology

Bcl-2

Cell Tissue Culture

Cell Signaling Diseases

DNA Methylation

Epigenetics

Histology

Immunohistochemistry

In Situ Hybridization

Interleukins

Medical Examination

Molecular Biology

Molecular Protocols

Pathology

Protein Expression

SDS-PAGE

Tyrosine Kinases

Tumor Suppressors

TP53 gene and p53 Protein

p53 Antibody